[192], Though once more without any real political power, the population of northern Mesopotamia continued to keep the memory of their ancient civilization alive and positively connected with the Assyrian Empire in local histories written during the Sasanian period. [17] The Akkadian Empire probably conquered Assur in the time of its first ruler, Sargon (c. 23342279 BC),[22] and is known to have controlled the city at least from the reign of Manishtushu (c. 22702255 BC) onwards since contemporary inscriptions dedicated to Manishtushu have been recovered from the city. [197] The legend of the Saints Behnam and Sarah, set in the 4th century but written long thereafter, casts Sennacherib, under the name Sinharib, as their royal father. [136] Sennacherib defeated Nergal-ushezib a few months later, but Mushezib-Marduk seized Babylon in late 693 BC and continued the struggle. 14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1. In addition to establishing a new capital, Ashurnasirpal II and his successors abolished hereditary governors, replacing them with individuals who owed their position to the king, Radner noted. Today, the Assyrian homeland is still in northern Iraq; however, the destruction brought about by the Islamic State (also known as ISIS, ISIL or Daesh) has resulted in many Assyrians being killed or forced to flee. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. Amharic, Episcopal sees had been established as far from Mesopotamia as Uzbekistan, India and China. Godoberi, Though several Assyrian military units were formed in response to the ISIL incursion, including the Khabour Guards, Sootoro and the Nineveh Plain Protection Units, they remain smaller than many other units in the region, such as the mainly-Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG) and Peshmerga. He has also written for The Independent (UK), The Canadian Press (CP) and The Associated Press (AP), among others. Cognate with English. Bashkir, [130][131] Sargon founded the Sargonid dynasty, which would rule until the fall of the Assyrian Empire. [270] The Iraqi Communist Party has historically been popular among Assyrians owing to its opposition to the Iraqi government. [12] On 10 June 1915, 400 prisoners, including several church leaders, were paraded in chains through Diyarbekir, organized by Reshid, and there was rampant beatings, torture and humiliation. During the Neo-Assyrian period, the kings of Assyria increased their kingdom's size to its largest yet. Arabic (Moroccan), [24], During much of the early Assyrian period, Assur was dominated by states and polities from southern Mesopotamia. For instance, Christians were not allowed to build new churches (but were allowed to conduct repairs on current ones), they had to wear a distinct turban and belt, they were forbidden to disturb Muslims by ringing church bells and praying, and they were forbidden from riding horses and carrying weapons. If you have any feedback for the site, please share it here, but please note this is only a hobby project, so I may not be able to make regular updates to the site. [270] August 7, which saw the most bloodshed, is still commemorated as the "Day of the Assyrian Martyrs". Those of a sweary disposition can draw upon the A-word, the B-word, the C-word, the F-word, the S-word, the W-word and many more. Arabic (Chadian), *:JZjz ? Let's see which ones end up being your favorite: 1. Arabic (Moroccan), Research shows that children start swearing by age the age of six - or younger - and we tend to swear about 0.5 to 0.7% of the time, which can amount to dozens of curse words a day, depending . Among the Assyrian developments in Iran prior to 1979 were the foundation in Tehran of the Assyrian Youth Cultural Society on 21 February 1950, an organization that formed the basis of the later Assyrian Universal Alliance, founded in France in 1968. [252] Among the most infamous massacres were massacres of, and atrocities towards, Armenians and Assyrians in the Diyarbekir Vilayet, overseen by the local governor Mehmed Reshid. By default, the words are sorted by relevance/relatedness, but you can also get the most common assyrian terms by using the menu below, and there's also the option to sort the words alphabetically so you can get assyrian words starting with a particular letter. Assyrian, So by clicking on these links you can help to support this site. [81] Shalmaneser warred several times against Hittite vassals in the Levant. The top 4 are: babylonian, aramaic, akkadian and mesopotamia. Tigh go dt ifreann! The province of Ndragn is in some records alternatively referred to as Atria or thr (i.e. [257], In the aftermath of the continued division of the Assyrian community, contributed to by both internal and external factors, many of the remaining Assyrians in Turkey and elsewhere became politically involved in left-wing movements, though they were mostly consumed by the more numerous and powerful Kurdish political movements, such as the Kurdistan Workers' Party. After his victory in Babylonia, Ashurbanipal marched on Elam. In that case, his theology was hugely influential as Assyrians in later times attributed the role of "king of the gods" to Ashur, a role otherwise typically attributed to Enlil. Arabic (Modern Standard), [1] Assyrian is one of the few languages where most of its foreign words come from a different language family (in this case, Indo-European). Khinalug, The Assyrian population prior to the genocide amounted to about 500,000600,000 people and the generally accepted estimate is that about 50% of the Assyrian people were killed. [64], In large parts, the invasion or raid of Mesopotamia by the Hittite king Mursili I in c. 1595 BC was critical to Assyria's later development. spoken in Iraq, Syria, south east Turkey and north west Iran. [211] Some local Christians fled from the conquered territories into the lands under Roman rule[212] and some, probably few in number, chose to convert to Islam for economic or political reasons. Nenets, Negidal, [244] One of the first notable acts by the Ottomans in regards to the Assyrians was the arrest, torture and killing of the schismatic Sulaqu in 1555, an act instigated by Shermon VII. 10. Mansi, [180] Stelae erected by the local rulers of Assur in this time resemble the stelae erected by the Neo-Assyrian kings,[177] the rulers appearing to have viewed themselves as continuing the old Assyrian royal tradition. "Step by step, however, a number of assertive and ruthless Assyrian kings of the late tenth and ninth centuries manage to reconquer the lost lands and reestablish Assyrian power ," Eckart Frahm, an Assyriology professor at Yale University, wrote in a paper that was also published in "A Companion to Assyria.". [209], With the fall of Ctesiphon in 637, the Sasanian Empire lost control of its political heartland in Mesopotamia, which instead fell under the rule of the Rashidun Caliphate. I hope this list of assyrian terms was useful to you in some way or another. [119] The last few campaigns of Shalmaneser's reign were not led by the king, probably on account of old age, but rather by the turtanu (commander-in-chief) Dayyan-Assur. Bezhta, to use the term Semitic as it is a religiously-based term which The city became an independent city-state under its own line of rulers during the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur, achieving independence under Puzur-Ashur I c. 2025 BC. [85] After capturing cities such as Sippar and Dur-Kurigalzu and defeating Kashtiliash in battle, Tukulti-Ninurta eventually succeeded in conquering Babylonia c. 1225BC. [190] In 421, the Synod of Markabta decided that the head of the church, now styled as the Patriarch of the Church of the East, was declared answerable only to Christ himself, in effect declaring the Church of the East independent. In ancient times, the Assyrian civilization was often centered at the city of Assur (also called Ashur), named after the supreme god of Assyria and the ruins of the city are located in what is now northern Iraq. [111] Since the reconquista had to begun nearly from scratch, its eventual success was an extraordinary achievement. The final general gathering of leaders of the church in Iran took place at a synod in 1318. [25] The earliest known archaeological finds at the site are Early Dynastic-age temples dedicated to Ishtar. He also increased the size of the Assyrian cavalry and introducing war chariots on a grander scale than previous kings. The horned cap attests to its divinity, and the belt signifies its power. [95], The successors of Tukulti-Ninurta were unable to maintain Assyrian power and the empire became increasingly restricted to just the Assyrian heartland. [146] In 672 BC, Esarhaddon decreed that his younger son Ashurbanipal (r.669631BC) would succeed him in Assyria and that the older son Shamash-shum-ukin would rule Babylon. [183] The ancient temple dedicated to Ashur was restored for a second time in the 2nd century AD. [82] In addition to his various campaigns and conquests, which brought the Middle Assyrian Empire to its greatest extent,[77] Tukulti-Ninurta is also famous for being the first Assyrian king to transfer the capital of Assyria away from Assur itself. [233], Over the centuries since the collapse of the Assyrian Empire, the populace of different parts of former Assyria diverged somewhat in culture and beliefs as they were exposed to different neighbors and cultural influences. Needing a vassal ruler with stronger authority, he placed his eldest son Ashur-nadin-shumi on the Babylonian throne. These are the findings for the general swear words in the mild section: Mild: Arse . Though opposed by the Turkish government and local Kurdish groups, the local Assyrians continue to operate the major monasteries in the region, including the Mor Hananyo Monastery and the Mor Gabriel Monastery. An increasing problem from the late reign of Tiglath-Pileser onwards were the Aramean tribes in the west. Bastard - n., illegitimate child or. [197] In large part, tales from the Sasanian period and later times were invented narratives, based on ancient Assyrian history but applied to local and current landscapes. In the two centuries following Tiglath-Pileser's conquests, Assyria's territory contracted, but the kingdom retained control of Assur and nearby areas. Tiglath-Pileser marked the achievement by bringing back cedar wood for building projects, ancient texts say. Ashur-nasir-pal II was king of Assyria from 883 B.C. [28] Early on, Assur for a time fell under the loose hegemony of the Sumerian city of Kish[22] and it was later occupied by both the Akkadian Empire and then the Third Dynasty of Ur. Through these policies, it was chiefly under the Abbasids that the Christian churches of Mesopotamia began their long period of decline. Modern-day scholars often divide Assyrian history into three periods: the Old Assyrian, the Middle Assyrian and the Neo-Assyrian. it would be "Ashuric" or "Ashuro-Mesopotamian", however scholars Pages in category "English swear words" The following 59 pages are in this category, out of 59 total. One moose, two moose. to 681 B.C. So it's the sort of list that would be useful for helping you build a assyrian vocabulary list, or just a general assyrian word list for whatever purpose, but it's not necessarily going to be useful if you're looking for words that mean the same thing as assyrian (though it still might be handy for that). [212] The conquering Muslims were relatively few in number and mostly kept to themselves in their own settlements. launched a major attack on Nineveh, which the Assyrian king Sinsharishkun (reign ca. In, Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire, Urmia Manifesto of the United Free Assyria, 1992 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election, destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State, "Assyrians seek self-management in Hasaka over deal with PYD", "My Career in Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology", "Die Shne Kudurrus und die Herkunft der neubabylonischen Dynastie", "Libbali-sharrat in the Garden: An Assyrian Queen Holding Court", "The Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia", "Chronology and History in the Late Assyrian Empire (631619 B.C. Neo-Mandaic, [214], Christian communities were thus not thrown into total upheaval[211] and most Christians remained where they were and did not convert. If you just care about the words' direct semantic similarity to assyrian, then there's probably no need for this. [8] Armenian historians, such as Anania Shirakatsi, also continued to identify Assyria as northern Mesopotamia; Shirakatsi referred to Aruastan as a region bordering Armenia and including Nineveh. to 1207 B.C.) [245] When Shemon VII died, his remaining followers refused to recognize the authority of Abdisho IV and instead recognized Eliya VI, Shemon VII's nephew, as the new patriarch. [266], With the collapse and breakup of the Ottoman Empire and the Qajar dynasty in Iran and the rise of new nation states in their place, many of the minorities of the Middle East began asserting their rights to self-determination and sovereignty, including the Assyrians. Kildin Smi, A large number of Christians under Rashidun and Umayyad rule likely lived their entire lives without once seeing a Muslim. [248] Despite the atrocities that would be committed by the increasingly nationalist Turkish collapsing Ottoman Empire in the 19th and 20th centuries, the early centuries of Ottoman rule thus provided opportunities for cultural flourishing and political influence. [175], The most significant phase of ancient Assyrian history following the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire transpired after the region was conquered by the Parthian Empire in the 2nd century BC. Yukaghir (Southern / Kolyma), [98], Ninurta-apal-Ekur's son Ashur-dan I (r.c. 11781133BC),[93] improved the situation somewhat, campaigning against the Babylonian king Zababa-shuma-iddin,[98] but his two sons Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur and Mutakkil-Nusku struggled for power with each other after his death. 2023. Erzya, [148], Ashurbanipal is often regarded to have been the last great king of Assyria. Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian, [47] Shortly after achieving independence, he further claimed the dignity of a great king on the level of the Egyptian pharaohs and the Hittite kings. [58][59] In c. 1761 BC, Assur, perhaps only briefly, fell under the control of the Old Babylonian Empire under Hammurabi. Assyrian is one of the few languages where most of its foreign words come from a different language family (in this case, Indo-European ). Koryak, The act of using a swear word is known as swearing or cursing. A map showing the extent of the Assyrian Empire. Bznnokh. [100], Due to Ashur-resh-ishi's victories over Babylonia, his son Tiglath-Pileser I (r.11141076BC) could focus his attention on other territories without worrying about southern attacks. [118] When Shalmaneser died in 824 BC, Ashur-danin-pal was still in revolt, supported by a significant portion of the country, most notably the former capital of Assur. . [35], Assur was destroyed in the late Akkadian period, possibly by the Lullubi,[36] but was rebuilt and later conquered by the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur in the late 20th or early 19th century BC. Assur's importance as a trading center declined in the 19th century BC, perhaps chiefly because of increasing conflict between states and rulers of the ancient Near East leading to a general decrease in trade. [145] Esarhaddon's greatest military achievement was the 671 BC conquest of Egypt, which not only placed a land of great cultural prestige under Esarhaddon's rule but also brought the Assyrian Empire to its greatest ever extent. Turkmen, By the time of Timur's death in 1405, the Assyrians and other Christians of his empire had been almost exterminated, mostly due to Timur's actions[233] but also because of factors such as famine and the Black Death. This chart shows the main letters used to write Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian with [271] Assyrian calls for independence and autonomy continued through the later 20th century. is often called the Neo-Assyrian period. [230] In 1310, the Assyrians and other Christians of Erbil (ancient Arbela) tried to escape persecution and captured the city's citadel. you can provide recordings, please contact me. Ways of writing the language with the Even, Assyrian language: Past and Present. AD 240) periods.[10][11]. Below is a massive list of assyrian words - that is, words related to assyrian. The Lakhas brothers were noted as extremely wealthy, often providing gifts to King Peter I of Cyprus and his court, though they fell into poverty after the Republic of Genoa invaded the island in 1373. Festschrift fr Otto Jastrow zum 60 Geburtstag, Wiesbaden, 489-502. He constructed a palace over Taidu saying that he built it "from top to bottom" and deposited a stele (an inscription carved on stone) to mark his control of the city (translation by Albert Kirk Grayson). Timur's efforts were so relentless that some among the Muslims doubted that he was Muslim at all since mercy is one of the major Muslim virtues. [118] Though successful, Shalmaneser's conquests had been very quick and had not been fully consolidated by the time of his death. Piotr Vasili, an Assyrian born in Georgia, became the father of communism in Iraq as the mentor of Yusuf Salman Yusuf, also an Assyrian, who served as the first secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party. Aur-uballi II of Assyria according to Archival Sources", "The Revolt of 746 B.C and the Coming of Tiglath-pileser III to the Throne", Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Assyrians&oldid=1140722152, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 12:33. Assyrian. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Assyrian. in any combination of two languages in the Phrase Finder. He incorporated the city into a sizable amount of territory that he already controlled in what is now Iraq and Syria. In the east, he in one campaign reached as far into modern-day Iran as Dasht-e Kavir. [175] Archaeological finds such as coins and pottery from prominent Assyrian sites indicate that cities such as Assur, Nimrud and perhaps Nineveh were resettled under the Seleucids, as were a large number of villages. Mongolian, This word is used to describe a stupid or an annoying person. [150] While Esarhaddon's documents suggest that Shamash-shum-ukin was intended to inherit all of Babylonia, it appears that he only controlled the immediate vicinity of Babylon itself since numerous other Babylonian cities apparently ignored him and considered Ashurbanipal to be their king. Assur was also the home of the god Assur, and while that god was of great importance to the ancient Assyrians, he was not the only deity the Assyrians venerated. [234], Though already violently suppressed under the late Ilkhans, the Assyrians faced their worst persecution yet after the remnants of the Ilkhanate were conquered in 1370 by the Muslim Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). [283], Today, the Assyrians mostly live in diaspora and continue to be divided into rival political factions and Christian denominations. version of the Syriac alphabet. [238] The ancient church of the Assyrians, the Church of the East, was divided in the 16th century, when some members formed a Catholic offshoot, the Chaldean Catholic Church. By 600 B.C., the Assyrian kingdom had been completely destroyed. tried to stop. [149] One of the issues of Ashurbanipal's early reign were disagreements between Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin. In the period after the time of Jesus Christ, the Assyrians converted to Christianity, a religion many Assyrians have kept through the present day. Arabic (Gulf), Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. Chaha, Originally published on Live Science on Oct. 26, 2016 and republished on July 14, 2022. This can be used for someone whose behavior is not up to the mark. New York, However, scholars disagree about the time span each period covers. At the start of this time period, Assyria had lost a considerable amount of territory. Nivkh, [44] In some way, Assur was able to maintain its central position in its trade network despite being small and having no known history of military success. when the Assyrians started expanding again, to the destruction of the Assyrian Empire around 600 B.C. [255] In the Massacres of Diyarberkir in 1895, around 25,000 Assyrians were killed. Though the Mongols followed tengrism and shamanism, their public policy in the vast regions they conquered was consistently to support religious freedom. His most impressive achievements were the conquest and vassalization of the Levant all the way to the Egyptian border and the 729 conquest of Babylonia, after which he and later Assyrian kings often ruled as both "king of Assyria" and "king of Babylon". to 705 B.C.) Still opposed to Shemon, the bishops ordained under Sulaqu then elected a successor, Abdisho IV Maron, who was recognized by Pope Pius IV in 1562. If you're looking for names related to assyrian (e.g. [122], Ashur-nirari V was succeeded by Tiglath-Pileser III (r.745727BC), probably his brother and generally assumed to have usurped the throne. They [50][63] Bel-bani founded the Adaside dynasty, which after his reign ruled Assyria for about a thousand years. The Babylonians became fully independent during the reign of the Babylonian king Nabopolassar (reign ca. Belarusian, [210] Though the new caliphate did not officially persecute its Christian subjects, and even offered freedom of worship and a certain extent of self-administration, there were many local Muslim administrators who acted against the Christians, and as non-Muslims conquered through jihad, Christians such as the Assyrians had a choice between conversion to Islam, death, slavery or relegation to dhimmi, paying a special tax (jizya) to live under protected status. [262] The genocide led to an irrevocable loss in trust not only for the Turkish government, but also for the Kurdish people, who participated in the atrocities. [70] The term "land of Ashur" (mt Aur), i.e. Bosnian, The people of the city spoke Assyrian, which is a "distinct language, albeit closely related to Babylonian, which was used in the regions south of Assur," Karen Radner, the Alexander von Humboldt chair for the ancient history of the Near and Middle East at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, wrote in her book "Ancient Assyria: A Very Short Introduction (opens in new tab)" (Oxford University Press, 2015). [272][273] Just one year after Iraq became fully independent from the British, the military and local tribesmen in August 1933 carried out the Simele massacre which targeted Assyrian villages. as belonging to the Aramaic branch of Semitic languages, which [41] The earliest known surviving inscription by an Assyrian king was written by Puzur-Ashur I's son and successor Shalim-ahum, and records the king having built a temple dedicated to Ashur "for his own life and the life of his city". 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