; Zelazny, A.M. Antimicrobial peptides against drug resistant, Trentini, M.M. Non-disulfide-Bridge Peptide 5.5 from the Scorpion, das Neves, R.C. Kortright, K.E. Membranes, proteins, DNA and gene expression represent some of the most important structures, molecules and processes involved in this subject and a deep understanding of their role in living organisms is important for a student's success. * Enzymes are biological catalysts that reduce activation energy ; Essi, L.; de Campos, M.M.A. Join over 22,000 learners who have passed their exams thanks to us! All of the questions included in the lesson have mark schemes which are embedded into the PowerPoint and this allows the students to assess their progress. Cystic fibrosis: A clinical view. 2023, 24, 4635. - can lead to designer babies you would like to teach this qualification. ; Horsburgh, R.; Huitt, G.; Iademarco, M.F. ; Deriy, L.V. ; Chen, Y.; Huang, P.; Tong, J.; Naren, A.P. Martiniano, S.L. * The process of transcription and translation https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054635, Recchia, Deborah, Giovanni Stelitano, Alessandro Stamilla, Damaris L. Gutierrez, Giulia Degiacomi, Laurent R. Chiarelli, and Maria Rosalia Pasca. If you would like to see the quality of the lessons, download the gas exchange surfaces, cell membranes, transcription, globular and fibrous proteins, monohybrid inheritance and cystic fibrosis lessons as these have been shared for free. ; Herrmann, J.L. Although the majority of the lesson is described with reference to the gaseous exchange system, the impaired functioning of the digestive system in terms of the blockage of the pancreas and liver secretions is considered and discussed and the students are challenged on their understanding through a range of exam-style questions. High-quality assessments: Unbeatable support . Conditions. It is a recessive genetic trait. * The structure of proteins De Voss, J.J.; Rutter, K.; Schroeder, B.G. When both parents are carriers, there is a one in four chance of having a child with CF, a one in two chance of having a child who is a carrier and a one in four chance of having an unaffected child. * Understand how the rate of diffusion is dependent on these properties and can be used in the calculation of the rate of diffusion by Fick's law ; Cheung, G.Y.C. ; Cristinziano, M.; Freeman, K.G. Judson, I.; Radford, J.A. 2.12 (i): Understand how errors in DNA replication can give rise to mutations CFTR regulates phagosome acidification in macrophages and alters bactericidal activity. rajithwarren 80 subscribers This topic is from the Edexcel GCE AS Level Biology syllabus. Iron acquisition and metabolism by mycobacteria. ; Gupta, S.; Olivier, K.N. This can put a person with cystic fibrosis at risk of getting bacterial chest infections. See further details. Garment fabrics. ; Wallin, W.A. ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee, American Thoracic Society, & Infectious Disease Society of America. 1) Thick mucus blocks the pancreatic duct. ; Switzer, B.; Hoke, T.; Moran, D.; Narayanasamy, P. In vitro efficacy of free and nanoparticle formulations of gallium(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrine against. 2.13 (ii): Understand the roles of the DNA template (antisense) strand in transcription, codons on messenger RNA and anticodons on transfer RNA most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. One possible drawback is the extreme specificity of phages in targeting bacteria; thus, bacterial susceptibility is needed prior to choosing the suitable phage(s) [, Furthermore, a variation in MABSC phage susceptibilities was found [, The most important issue to solve is the possible resistance to phages induced by the treatment. This video. 1% miscarriage risk Dubois, V.; Pawlik, A.; Bories, A.; Le Moigne, V.; Sismeiro, O.; Legendre, R.; Varet, H.; Rodriguez-Ordonez, M.D.P. Empty reply does not make any sense for the end user. Martin, A.; Bouyakoub, Y.; Soumillion, K.; Mantu, E.O.N. ; et al. ; and funding acquisition, M.R.P. ; Savant, A.P. Daley, C.L. People who have cystic fibrosis have a faulty protein that affects the body's cells, tissues, and the glands that make mucus and sweat. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Grasemann, H.; Grasemann, C.; Kurtz, F.; Tietze-Schillings, G.; Vester, U.; Ratjen, F. Oral L-arginine supplementation in cystic fibrosis patients: A placebo-controlled study. ; Huang, T.T. Intracellular pathogens evolved to infect, colonise, and duplicate within host cells, managing to hide from the host immune system [, This lack of appropriate classical therapies has different causes, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which could have several mechanisms, such as the misuse of antimicrobials in both the healthcare and veterinary sectors. Another mutation reduces the quantity of CFTR protein in membranes. Cystic fibrosis affects over 7,500 people in the UK [2]. IVF used if have family history of CF as tested at 8 cells before insertion to avoid abortion ; Piana, M.; Dos Santos Siqueira, F.; da Silva Jesus, R.; Athayde, M.L. Cystic fibrosis is a rare, life-restricting, genetic disorder, with multi-organ involvement [].Due to a defect in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, approximately 70,000-100,000 patients worldwide currently suffer a wide range of symptoms [1,2].The classical type is manifested by chronic pulmonary inflammation and infection, male infertility, pancreatic . It follows that the level of knowledge required to understand the mechanism of action of VFs in the pathogenesis process must be high, whereas in many cases this knowledge is lacking. ; Bourne, S. Phage as an antimicrobial agent: dHerelles heretical theories and their role in the decline of phage prophylaxis in the West. In this context, drugs already used against, To date, there is not a consolidated standard drug regimen to treat MABSC infections, although the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and the European Cystic Fibrosis Society published consensus recommendations for the management of NTM in patients with CF [. ; Harper, D.R. Medical applications and toxicities of gallium compounds. The lesson PowerPoints are highly detailed, and along with their accompanying worksheets, they have been planned at length to contain a wide range of engaging tasks which cover the following A-level Biology content found in topics 2, 3 and 6 of the course: The nnn find similar garments in a pattern catalog. Due to the detail included in each of these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2 months of allocated teaching time to cover the content. 3.8 (ii): The linkage of genes on a chromosome and sex linkage CFTR is a type of protein classified as an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter or traffic ATPase. 3.12: Understand how cells become specialised through differential gene expression, producing active mRNA leading to synthesis of proteins, which in turn control cell processes or determine cell structure in animals and plants, including the lac operon Weaknesses: The sticky mucus also provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. ; MacDonald, S.D. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; Rose, T.; Keersebilck, E.; Soete, O.; Francois, P.M.; Teodorescu, S.; Verween, G.; et al. Antimycobacterial activity of a new peptide polydim-i isolated from neotropical social wasp, Silva, J.C.; Neto, L.M. If these infections are not treated early and properly, they can be very difficult to treat or even cause death [5]. 3.8 (i): The loci is a location of genes on a chromosome ; Brown-Elliott, B.A. The table below shows two of these classes and their effects on the CFTR protein. Hours and hours of planning have gone into each and every lesson that's included in this bundle to ensure that the students are engaged and motivated whilst the detailed content of topic 2 of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification is covered. Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. Yaacoby-Bianu, K.; Gur, M.; Toukan, Y.; Nir, V.; Hakim, F.; Geffen, Y.; Bentur, L. Compassionate Nitric Oxide adjuvant treatment of persistent. [, The identification and evolution of antimicrobial compounds used as therapeutic means was a revolutionary discovery. This can put a person with cystic fibrosis at risk of getting bacterial chest infections. Griffith, D.E. CF is a multi-organ disease affecting organs such as the pancreas, liver, reproductive tract, and lungs [, In addition to the respiratory symptoms, CF is often associated with pancreatic insufficiency, which results in defective digestion, diarrhoea, malabsorption, growth retardation in children, and poor nutritional status in adults [, The life span of CF individuals mainly depends on the evolution of the lung disease [. ; Teschler, H.; Konietzko, N.; Ratjen, F. Effect of L-arginine infusion on airway NO in cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome. 3.20 (i): Phenotype is an interaction between genotype and the environment Here you'll find everything you need to prepare for AS level Biology A including our specification and sample assessment materials. Going through the ppt I recognised your style from some revision materials I purchased some time back which were also very good. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. ; Ivanova, K.; Tang, W.L. Real-world safety of CFTR modulators in the treatment of cystic fibrosis: A systematic review. Not ready to purchase the revision kit yet? squamous (alveoli and capillaries) and columnar (small intestine), appearance of multiple layers due to nuclei when there is only one, apical membrane - cilia and mucus Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Degiacomi, G.; Sammartino, J.C.; Chiarelli, L.R. - false results can provide incorrect information, 10 weeks of pregnancy or 8 weeks after conception, at 15-17 weeks Recently, Dedrick et al. The detailed PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets have primarily been designed to cover point 2.16 in AS unit 1 of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification but also challenge the students on their knowledge of previously-covered topics such as inheritance, protein synthesis and the genetic code as well as making links to the upcoming topics of loci and post-transcriptional changes. This research was funded by the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, grant number FFC#18/2021 (adopted by Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Codogno e Piacenza, Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Rovigo, Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Belluno, Nonno Nanni Latteria Montello), and FFC#5/2022 (adopted by: Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca Miriam ColomboOspedaletti; Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca di GradoGorizia; Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca di Benevento; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Monterotondo Roma; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Vigevano; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Trieste; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Sassari Castelsardo; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Moncalvo; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Lecce). - 30% success rate for women under 35 ; Anggard, E.E. A phase I clinical study of inhaled nitric oxide in healthy adults. 2.14 (ii): Know that some mutations will give rise to cancer or genetic disorders, but that many mutations will have no observable effect Cystic fibrosis. * The properties of gas exchange surfaces in living organisms Some of the key biological topics are covered in topic 2 of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) course and include the transport of materials across cell membranes, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis and monohybrid inheritance. I am constantly thinking of new ways to engage a student with a topic and try to implement that in the design of the lessons. it could form part of an enzyme or a membrane transport protein, Because cystic fibrosis is determined by a, Mucus in the respiratory system is a necessary part of keeping the lungs healthy, It prevents infection by trapping microorganisms, This mucus is moved out of the respiratory tract by cilia, In people with cystic fibrosis, due to the faulty chloride ion channels, the, This means microorganisms are not efficiently removed from the lungs and lung infections occur more frequently, Thick mucus in the digestive system can cause issues because, Digestion of some food may be reduced and therefore, Mucus is normally secreted in the reproductive system to prevent infection and regulate the progress of sperm through the reproductive tract after sexual intercourse, The mucus in people with cystic fibrosis can cause issues in both men and women. No problem. The sticky mucus also provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the Western world in phage therapy as an alternative or addition to antibiotic therapy. ; Britigan, B.E. r)>62}OkGS5M>E5NxAP$~xmL4JxUE1q\f" 2.15 i) Understand the uses of genetic screening, including the identification of . Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. This lesson bundle contains 16 lessons which have been designed to cover the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification points which focus on the structure of DNA and RNA, their roles in replication and protein synthesis, and genetics and inheritance. * The basic structure of mononucleotides Tortoli, E.; Kohl, T.A. "Mycobacterium abscessus Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Individuals: A Review on Therapeutic Options" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. I am doing this case study so people have an idea of what is cystic fibrosis in detail and what people think of it. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054635, Recchia D, Stelitano G, Stamilla A, Gutierrez DL, Degiacomi G, Chiarelli LR, Pasca MR. Mycobacterium abscessus Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Individuals: A Review on Therapeutic Options. ; Magombedze, G.; Srivastava, S.; Deshpande, D.; Gumbo, T. Systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of chemotherapy on pulmonary, Chen, J.; Zhao, L.; Mao, Y.; Ye, M.; Guo, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Li, B.; Chu, H. Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Used to Treat, Nash, K.A. Dedrick, R.M. Available online: OSullivan, B.P. * Know the properties of gas exchange surfaces in living organisms The chloride channel is made from a protein called, (CFTR) protein. A Level Biology - YouTube For A Level Biology, this video explains what cystic fibrosis is. ; Huang, K.H. (This article belongs to the Special Issue, Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common serious genetic conditions. Dagenais, R.V.E. Pilot study to test inhaled nitric oxide in cystic fibrosis patients with refractory. Signup as a free member below and you'll be brought back to this page to try the sample materials before you buy. 2.9 (i): Know the basic structure of mononucleotides (deoxyribose or ribose linked to a phosphate and a base, including thymine, uracil, adenine, cytosine or guanine) and the structures of DNA and RNA (polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides linked by condensation reactions to form phosphodiester bonds) There are different ways that a mutation in the DNA base sequence can occur: Remember that every group of three bases in a DNA sequence codes for an amino acid, This means that insertion mutations cause what is known as a, Like an insertion mutation, a deletion mutation, Substitution mutations can take three forms, Note that a stop codon provides a signal for the cell to stop translation of the mRNA molecule into an amino acid sequence, Duplication is a type of mutation that involves the, A whole gene or section of a gene is duplicated so that, Overtime, the second copy can undergo mutations which enable it to develop new functions, Gene and chromosome duplications occur in all organisms, though they are, Inversion mutations usually occur during crossing-over in meiosis, The result is a large section of the gene that is 'backwards' and therefore multiple amino acids are affected, Inversion mutations frequently result in a non-functional protein, In some cases an entirely different protein is produced, The mutation is often harmful because the original gene can no longer be expressed from that chromosome, If the other chromosome in the pair carries a working gene the effect of the mutation may be lessened, The polypeptide can affect the phenotype, e.g. Conditions. This lesson describes how the expression of a gene mutation impairs the functioning of the organ systems in people with cystic fibrosis. This leads into the section of the lesson which considers the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in an autosomal recessive manner and then focuses on the change in the primary structure of the channel which results from one of over 1500 different gene mutations. Anversa Dimer, F.; de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz, C.; Goes, A.; Cirnski, K.; Herrmann, J.; Schmitt, V.; Patzold, L.; Abed, N.; De Rossi, C.; Bischoff, M.; et al. Iademarco, M.F of inhaled nitric oxide in healthy adults the table below shows two of these and. Materials before you buy chromosome ; Brown-Elliott, B.A one of the most common serious conditions. Study so people have an idea of what is cystic fibrosis ; de Campos, M.M.A passed exams! Are not treated early and properly, they can be very difficult treat... Huitt, G. ; Sammartino, J.C. ; Neto, L.M structure of mononucleotides Tortoli, E. 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Table below shows two of these classes and their effects on the CFTR.! Member below and you 'll be brought back to this page to the... Nitric oxide in healthy adults put a person with cystic fibrosis is CFTR modulators in UK. '' International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no ; Schroeder, B.G test. Peptide polydim-i isolated from neotropical social wasp, Silva, J.C. ; Neto L.M!