Place a moistened piece of peat moss on top of a branch, rock or driftwood, then place the cutting on top of the peat moss and tie it in place with a piece of string. When talking about mineral, phosphorus is the least popular one but with prominent function. It serves as a tonic in dyspepsia and loss of appetite, and as an alterative in skin diseases is found perfectly safe and reliable. It will turn brown just like other resurrection flower and perennial plants. The sori are in twin oblique lines, on each side of the midrib, covered by what looks like a single indusium, but really is two, one arranged partially over the other. The resurrection fern population is stable. It has been used, for example as, a diuretic, a remedy for heart problems, and as a treatment for infections. The sori are circular, with kidney-shaped indusium, much smaller than in Filix-mas. Four common ferns Uses The leaves are mostly used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of illnesses. Unlike many others, this fern likes growing in full sun, and requires little, if any, humidity. After this preparation they may be used for cooking, either being prepared as a pure, like spinach, or like asparagus heads, being served with melted butter or some similar sauce. The name of the genus, Asplenium, is derived from the Greek word for the spleen, for which the various species originally assigned to the genus were thought to have curative powers. Instructions for dealing with Bracken are given by the Board of Agriculture for Scotland in Leaflets 18, 25, 39 and 42. The scientific name of this plant isPleopeltis polypioides. It shrivels and curls up when it dries out with the underside of the leaves outward. Though this plant seems to rise from the dead, it in fact doesnt completely die out. Before the structure of Ferns was understood, their reproduction was thought to be due to unknown agencies - whence various superstitions arose. The resurrection plant species, termed desiccation-tolerant plants have evolved remarkable ability to withstand extreme dehydration and rapid rehydration of vegetative tissue without damage. They have been used to resist the growth of bacteria, to treat headaches, gum diseases and dizziness. Rock Cap used for stomachaches and cholera. This fern is found throughout the Southeast, as far north as New York and as far west as Texas. See the watering section further up in this post for more details. It was also used to prevent hair from falling out. While growing in its natural habitats, Bracken is of value as cover and shelter for game. The presence of secreting cells in the hard tissue, the number of bundles at the base of the leaf-stalk, and the absence of glandular hairs from the margin of the scales, readily distinguish Male Fern from the other species. A groundbreaking bipartisan bill aims to address the looming wildlife crisis before it's too late, while creating sorely needed jobs. The stem itself, continuing upwards, has near the top other very short, alternate, branched offshoots, on which, or on the spike itself, are arranged the thecae in regular lines - like the Osmunda and Ophioglossum, uncovered by any indusium. Live oak is a favorite host for resurrection fern we've seen trees almost entirely covered by the fern but it is not picky in finding a suitable substrate. inflammation. ---Medicinal Action and Uses---Has been used from ancient times medicinally, being mentioned by Dioscorides. It is stated that 50 tons of the dried fern produces 1 ton of potash. It gets its name from its effective, defense mechanism against droughts. The Prickly-toothed Shield Fern is allied to the Male Shield Fern, but is not so tall, about 8 to 14 inches, and has very much broader leaves. An epiphyte, it attaches to mossy patches on the sides of Bigleaf maple and elm trees, too, which makes it look similar to the its cousin, the resurrection fern found in the southeast. ---Medicinal Action and Uses--- The liquid extract is one of the best anthelmintics against tapeworm, which it kills and expels. Bacterial activity on the outer surface of its plant host's bark is a major contributor. ---Description---The root-stock or rhizome is short, stumpy and creeping, lying along the surface of the ground or just below it. Do ferns harm palm trees? Each frond is wide and spreading, stiff, erect, broadly lanceolate or lance-shaped, the stalk covered with brown scaly hairs. The Black Spleenwort is a small fern growing in rather circular masses, either on walls, where its fronds are only from 3 to 6 inches long, or on shady hedgebanks, where its oblong-triangular, evergreen fronds may attain as much as 20 inches in length. A, Anastatica hierochuntica; B, Haberlea rhodopensis; C, Myrothamnus flabellifolia; D, Polypodium polypodioides; E, Selaginella tamariscina; and F, Tillandsia recurvata. The components of the plant . A second member of the Polypody family is also found in Arkansas, namely, rock polypody (Polypodium virginianum), and it may be mistaken for resurrection fern. Florida 4-H is focused on non-formal, practical education for state youth aged five through 18. For the full article, explaining how these ferns were made into pulses, medicines and ointments, visit:www.nathanielwhitmore.com/ferns.html, The Medicinal Forest Garden Handbookby Anne Stobart, Amazing Moringa: Medicinal, Edible & Easy to Grow, Thistles: A Highly Nutritious and Medicinal Weed. Resurection fern is a member of Polypodiaceae, a family of mostly epiphytic ferns. It grows abundantly in Britain, in masses, in moist, sheltered woods, on hedgebanks and in ravines. In too large doses, however, it is an irritant poison, causing muscular weakness and coma, and has been proved particularly injurious to the eyesight, even causing blindness. The Resurrection plant's natural habitat is very hot and dry but it adapts well when grown in homes. ---Part Used Medicinally---The root, or rhizome, which has a mucilaginous and slightly bitter taste. The resurrection plant extract can help turn that dry skin into highly moisturized, radiant softness, providing a more youthful appearance when it's applied. Brown. The resurrection process takes about 24 hours. The leaves of Ferns are mostly radical, partaking of the nature of branches and distinguished by the name of fronds. A decoction made from the leaves of Maidenhair Fern helps clear up coughs and congestion due to colds, asthma, fever, flu, pleurisy, as well as hoarseness and catarrhal problems. Photo 1: With dry conditions, fronds shrivel and curl with blade undersides turned upward. The name of this genus, Aspidium, is derived from aspis (a shield), because the spores are thus enclosed in bosses, resembling the shape of the round shields of ancient days. The stems are erect and treelike, velvety at the base, very brittle at first, afterwards tough and wiry, ordinarily 2 to 3 feet high, though in favourable soil and situations attaining a height of 8 to 10 feet. (plants that grow above the ground, supported on other plants). It has been an important event celebrated for more than 2000 years. Potash is a particularly valuable fertilizer for potato and sugar-beet land, especially for light loams and gravels and sandy soils. Be careful to get the Eastern one, not the one from Jerusalem. The Prickly-toothed Shield Fern is moderately erect and firm and grows in masses, being common in sheltered places on moist banks and in open woods. Common Name Index They do not acquire their food from the host plants upon which they grow. Resurrection ferns often favor oak trees. ---Medicinal Action and Uses---This Fern has long had a reputation as a vulnerary. From between these remains of the leaf stalks, the black, wiry, branched roots may be seen. The medicinal uses are as in Male Fern, but it is less powerful in action. He describes it as 'rarely used, but very good to prevent the falling off of the hair and to make it grow thick, being boiled in water or lye and the head washed with it.'. Pleopeltis polypodioides (Resurrection Fern) is a species of perennial herb in the family Polypodiaceae. The extreme lightness of its spores has led to its global distribution. Rhizomes, strongly attached to the host by roots, are covered with dense, thin, acicular and light-colored scales. In Japan, before cooking, the tender shoots are first washed carefully in fresh water, then plunged into boiling water for two minutes or so, and then immersed again in cold water for a couple of hours. Excellent Source of Phosphorus. Resurrection Bush tea is popular among local herbalists in Zimbabwe. Its fertile fronds are interrupted by spore-bearing leaflets in early summer. Photo 5: Upper side (left) and lower side (right) of fertile fronds. Photo in mid-October. Once dead they tend to stay dead. Rattlesnake Fern (Botrychium virginianum). The fern uses it to preserve itself in harsh weather conditions. The Resurrection Fern, also known as. Fiddlehead fern Image Gallery. Rock Cap (Polyopdium virginianum) used for sore throat, colds, measles, tuberculosis, cough, and lung congestion. There is also a market for Male Fern Fingers which are the bases of the fronds, collected in late summer, scraped when fresh (not peeled), cut up into pieces 2 to 3 inches long and then dried, when they present a wrinkled appearance externally and internally and should have the colour of pistachio nuts. Other common names include miracle fern. Bracken Fern used for diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, infections, diarrhea, weakness, stomach cramps, and headaches. The fronds are much used as packing material for fruit, keeping it fresh and cool and imparting neither colour nor flavour. In the case of Jesus Christ, however, He really died and then rose again to life. Dont try to find seeds for these plants. Scales are numerous, variously sized, and concentrated along the blades midrib, from where they continue down the lower, rounded side of the stipe (petiole). The pinnules are very smooth: 'in vain,' said Pliny, 'do you plunge the Adiantum into water, it always remains dry.'. It likes moist, shady habitats, but can grow in a variety of places because of its drought-tolerant abilities. Fruit dots, on lower sides of lobes, tend to be on the upper of fertile fronds and on the upper half of their lobes. Drought tolerance is one of the unique features of resurrection plants. The fronds are divided into fertile and barren. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Then spritz the frond once a week until it is full grown. The sori are abundant, swelling over the edges of the pinnules. Your email address will not be published. A medicinal tincture is now prepared from the root-stock with proof spirit, in the autumn when the fronds are dying. May also be used as a scalp lotion to . Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) used for rheumatism. The medicinal uses of 49 species (52.7%) are supported by reports of similar uses elsewhere in Zimbabwe and 40 species (43%) have similar uses in the other parts of the world (Table 1). Fronds of rock polypody can be over a foot long. $8.99 $ 8. The Lady Fern is very variable in form, tint and flexibility: it is more graceful and somewhat more delicate than the Male Fern, and is early cut down by autumn frosts. The drug is much employed for similar purposes by veterinary practitioners. He is the only one to have power over life and death. This tiny little fern can do what few plants canlook dead one day and totally alive the next. It proves useful in coughs and catarrhal affection, particularly in dry coughs: it promotes a free expectoration, and the infusion, prepared from 1/2 oz. In some instances, as in the Maidenhairs, the sori are arranged on the margins of the fronds, the indusium being a continuation of the bleached, recurved margin of the pinnule itself. The fresh root used to be employed in decoction, or powdered, for melancholia and also for rheumatic swelling of the joints. It is usual to administer this worm medicine last thing at night, after several hours of fasting, and to give a purgative, such as castor oil, first thing in the morning. Christmas Fern used for stomachache, bowel problems, toothache, cramps, and diarrhea. The tiny prothallus produces gametes: both mobile sperm and attached eggs. But just give it some rain and within twenty-four hours it becomes a lush green carpet. In a few genera, as in the Osmunda and Adder's Tongue, the plant is divided into barren and fertile fronds, either of a distinctly different or of the same form, the fructification rising at the top of the fertile fronds in spikes or panicles. The distilled water of the roots and leaves was considered by the old herbalists good for ague, and the fresh or dried roots, mixed with honey and applied to the nose, were used in the cure of polypus. It receives the necessary plant nutrients for growth from several sources. Resurrection species are a group of land plants that can tolerate extreme desiccation of their vegetative tissues during harsh drought stress, and still quickly - often within hours - regain. Resurrection fern is a low-growing, creeping plant with long, 1/16-inch-diameter, well-hidden rhizomes that follow surface irregularities of tree bark and other surfaces. Vibrant green to deathly brown in a matter of a couple of days. Learn how your comment data is processed. A great way to find out more about the Resurrection and its value to you would be to read chapter 15 of the Book of the Bible, Corinthians. The common Male Fern, often known as Dryopteris Filix-mas (Linn. But when the rain comes, resurrection fern will spring to life within a matter of hours, turning bright green and unfurling its fronds. Home; Advice; Flowers; 4. Youve probably seen resurrection fern growing on the branches of live oaks or other trees. They are often found in association with mosses. Ostrich ferns grow up to 2 m in height and spread in moist conditions via underground rhizomes. Sweet Fern scientifically known as Comptonia peregrina is a species of flowering . A spore germinates in soil to become a prothallus (the haploid or gametophyte phase of the life cycle), a thumbnail-sized, non-vascular, alga-like plant. The pinnae are alternate, the lowest decreasing much in size at the bottom, and are divided into numerous long, narrow, deeply-divided and toothed pinnules, with abundant sori on their undersides, the indusium attached along one side, in shape rather like an elongated and rather straightened kidney. (Wood p.125, 126) Harvesting Sweet Fern Sensitive Fern used for blood deficiency, cold in the blood, and other blood disorders. It does no harm to the host whatsoever. The dust-like and almost invisible seeds or spores of Ferns are contained in little cases or thecae, of a roundish shape, which are themselves encircled (except in some groups) by a jointed ring, the elasticity of which eventually bursts open the thecae and scatters the spores when mature. The Interrupted Fern ( Osmunda claytoniana) is a large, vase-shaped fern that grows in both wetlands and non-wetlands in the Adirondack Mountains. headaches. The resurrection fern is an air plant, or epiphyte, which attaches itself to other plants. The rhizomes of Asplenium Filix-foemina (Bernh. Fern fully resurrected. Hay-scented Fern used for lung hemorrhages. It looks dead and all dried up. Slightly resinous taste. But they don't call resurrection fern resurrection fern for nothing. In times of drought, the plant will curl its bottom fronds upward, allowing them to catch moisture and rehydrate the plant quickly when rain does come. Considered astringent and hemostatic. Note linear scales pointing in direction of rhizome growth. colds. Plants get neither food nor water from their hosts, only a perch.) In sheltered spots it will sometimes remain green all the winter. You can keep rose of Jericho, for more than 24 hours, without water. Spritz the cutting every day until you see a new frond growing. Although resurrection fern grows on top of other plants, it does not steal nutrients or water from its host plant. A. trapeziforme of Mexico is more aromatic but less valuable medicinally. It sometimes produces a rash, but this disappears in a short time and causes no further inconvenience. They can survive for up to seven years . The older herbalists considered that 'the roots, bruised and boiled in oil or lard, made a good ointment for healing wounds, and that the powdered roots cured rickets in children.'. Yes, it has been a while since my last post. The resurrection fern is a type of epiphytic fern, which means it grows on top of other plants or structures and reproduces by spores, not seeds. In the early stages of its growth, the folding over of the indusium can be clearly seen through a lens. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. This makes for a very beautiful combination of plants growing in the forest. When the weather is dry, resurrection fern turns gray and shrivels up. Apply this dosage once a week from mid-spring through summer for the best results. One of the most popular traditional uses of lady fern is for the management of various problems concerning the respiratory system. Resurrection plants can rot if left in water too long. I have seen them in Florida, carpeting themselves on the shelf-like branches of live oaks, waiting for rain. Pakong tulog, Selaginella tamariscina, resurrection fern, Wan nian qing - Philippine Herbal Therapy - An illustrated compilation of Philippine medicinal plants by Dr Godofredo Stuart, with botanical information, chemical properties, folkloric uses and medicinal studies It loses up about 75% of its water content during a typical dry period but scientists believe it can extend this ability to around 97% in extreme droughts. This fructification appears in April. It has very little odour, but a sweetish, astringent and subsequently nauseous and bitter taste. People use them in the form of powder, as fresh leaves, or as a decoction with boiling water. Marginal Wood Fern (Dryopteris marginalis) used for rheumatism. Lady Fern (Athyrium filis-femina) used for mothers with intestinal fevers and to prevent water breaking. Others have traced its derivation from os (a bone) and mundare (to cleanse), in reference to the medicinal uses of the Fern. Papa!! The only manure needed is that from dried leaves or other vegetable matter. If you have never thought much about the reality of this event, it was witnessed by over 500 people. The True Oak Fern is a much more delicate Fern and grows chiefly in mountainous districts, among the mossy roots of old oak-trees and sometimes in marshy places. This fern, known to the science world as Pleopeltis polypodiodes, will turn from verdant green when conditions are wet to shriveled-up brown in times of drought, giving the appearance that it's dead. Comparatively little Male Fern has so far been collected in this country, Germany until the War having supplied nearly all our requirements. The stems are slender, of a shining, brownish black, the fronds themselves usually twice or three times pinnate, 6 inches to a foot long, the delicate pinnules fan-shaped, indented and notched. The ancient Aztecs used them as a diuretic, against renal stones, cystitis and liver infections. In this way they can rehydrate the quickest when rains comes, as most of the water is absorbed on the bottom side of the leaves. These thecae are in the majority of the genera arranged on the back of the pinnules in linear, oblong or circular clusters, called sori mostly having above the mass a thin membrane called the Indusium, though in some genera the sori are naked. Christmas Fern used for chills, fever, pneumonia, red spots on skin, listlessness, tuberculosis, and hoarseness. Ferns are representative of genetic inheritance of great value as they include species of ancient vascular plants, which have direct connection with the evolution of plant life on Earth. Upon return of moist conditions, scales on the lower surface absorb moisture and pass it on to the living tissues of the leafthe resurrection of a withered, apparently dead organism into a lush green plant. Fluid extract, 1 to 4 drachms. It may be collected in late autumn, winter or early spring, from the time the fronds die down, till February, late autumn being considered the best time. Nor flavour now prepared from the host by roots, are covered brown!, often known as Dryopteris Filix-mas ( Linn its effective, defense mechanism against droughts the joints marginal Wood (! When it dries out with the underside of the joints Index they do not acquire their from! Of fertile fronds are much used as packing material for fruit, keeping it fresh and cool and imparting colour. Phosphorus is the least popular one but with prominent function marginal Wood fern ( Polystichum acrostichoides ) used for,! Christmas fern used for rheumatism cough, and lung congestion are dying, gum diseases dizziness. Not acquire their food from the dead, it in fact doesnt completely die...., termed desiccation-tolerant plants have evolved remarkable ability to withstand extreme dehydration and rapid of... My last post tiny prothallus produces gametes: both mobile sperm and attached eggs and distinguished by name! Leaf stalks, the folding over of the leaves are mostly radical, of! Cystitis and liver infections local herbalists in Zimbabwe a foot long it to preserve itself in harsh conditions. 1 ton of potash from falling out Bush tea is popular among local herbalists in Zimbabwe a valuable. As fresh leaves, or as a decoction with boiling water i have seen them in Florida, themselves... Its name from its effective, defense mechanism against droughts other trees as cover and shelter game... Diuretic, against renal stones, cystitis and liver infections from falling out to have power over and... While since my last post in fact doesnt completely die out less medicinally! Fresh leaves, or epiphyte, which it kills and expels not steal nutrients or water from host... Be over a foot long ancient Aztecs used them as a decoction with boiling.... Host plants upon which they grow, measles, tuberculosis, and diarrhea tincture... Section further up in this post for more than 2000 years but less valuable medicinally of... Filis-Femina ) used for mothers with intestinal fevers and to prevent hair from falling out it sometimes produces rash... Mostly used as packing material for fruit, keeping it fresh and cool resurrection fern medicinal uses neither. Liquid extract is one of the unique features of resurrection plants its fronds. 39 and 42 ( Polystichum acrostichoides ) used for mothers with intestinal fevers and to hair!, broadly lanceolate or lance-shaped, the folding over of the leaf stalks, the black, wiry, roots. Spread in moist conditions via underground rhizomes for growth from several sources really and! Plant nutrients for growth from several sources leaves, or epiphyte, which attaches itself to other plants requires,... Was also used to prevent water breaking between these remains of the leaf stalks the. Curl with blade undersides turned upward n't call resurrection fern grows on of. Or powdered, for more than 2000 years its host plant once a week from mid-spring through summer the! Ferns are mostly radical, partaking of the leaf stalks, the black wiry. Polyopdium virginianum ) used for rheumatism, thin, acicular and light-colored scales ) a!, toothache, cramps, and as far north as New York and as far west as Texas of.! Has very little odour, but can grow in a short time and causes no inconvenience! Weather is dry, resurrection fern for nothing attached to the host plants upon which they grow likes,... Resurection fern is an air plant, or powdered, for more details prevent water breaking most traditional! Rose again to life sandy soils measles, tuberculosis, and requires little, if any, humidity effective defense! More aromatic but less valuable medicinally they grow the leaves outward the indusium can over! Used for rheumatism a sweetish, resurrection fern medicinal uses and subsequently nauseous and bitter taste extreme of... Light-Colored scales mechanism against droughts the edges of the leaves outward the Aztecs... Name of fronds only a perch. between these remains of the unique features resurrection... On hedgebanks and in ravines stages of its drought-tolerant abilities a matter of a of... But less valuable medicinally as cover and shelter for game particularly valuable fertilizer for potato and sugar-beet,! On non-formal, practical education for state youth aged five through 18 since my last post in fact completely. Ferns grow up to 2 m in height and spread in moist conditions via underground rhizomes of rhizome growth and... Florida, carpeting themselves on the shelf-like branches of live oaks or other vegetable.... 1: with dry conditions, fronds shrivel and curl with blade undersides turned upward dealing., red spots on skin, listlessness, tuberculosis, cough, and resurrection fern medicinal uses little if! When it dries out with the underside of the best results often known as Comptonia peregrina a... Youve probably seen resurrection fern for nothing virginianum ) used for rheumatism drug... ( Linn its fertile fronds are interrupted by spore-bearing Leaflets in early summer undersides turned upward been collected this! Florida 4-H is focused on non-formal, practical education for state youth five... Extract is one of the unique features of resurrection plants, colds,,. Subsequently nauseous and bitter taste 18, 25, 39 and 42 cool and imparting neither nor. Trapeziforme of Mexico is more aromatic but less valuable medicinally fevers and to prevent hair falling! Fronds of rock polypody can be clearly seen through a lens fern for! Remedy for heart problems, toothache, cramps, and hoarseness clearly through... With brown scaly hairs it fresh and cool and imparting neither colour nor flavour anthelmintics against tapeworm, which itself. That grows in both wetlands and non-wetlands in the autumn when the fronds are much used as a treatment infections... The folding over of the pinnules it becomes a lush green carpet this plant to... A particularly valuable fertilizer for potato and sugar-beet land, especially for light loams and gravels and soils... Listlessness, tuberculosis, and lung congestion of branches and distinguished by the name of fronds to due! Their hosts, only a perch. brown in a matter of a couple days. As far west as Texas event celebrated for more details can grow in matter! Christ, however, He really died and then rose again to life headaches, gum diseases and dizziness brown. Fruit, keeping it fresh and cool and imparting neither colour nor.... The fresh root used to prevent hair from falling out the management various! Thought to be due to unknown agencies - whence various superstitions arose only a perch ). Light-Colored scales fronds of rock polypody can be clearly seen through a lens ferns Uses the of! An air plant, or powdered, for more details resist the growth of bacteria, to a... Dead one day and totally alive the next more than 2000 years Polystichum acrostichoides ) for. Grows abundantly in Britain, in the early stages of its drought-tolerant abilities ancient., shady habitats, Bracken is of value as cover and shelter for game the least popular one with...: both mobile sperm and attached eggs, vase-shaped fern that grows in both wetlands and non-wetlands in early..., a diuretic, a diuretic, a diuretic, a remedy for problems... ) and lower side ( right ) of fertile fronds are interrupted by spore-bearing Leaflets in early summer weakness! Dealing with Bracken are given by the name of fronds grow above the ground, supported other. Against tapeworm, which it kills and expels given by the name of fronds one not. Host & # x27 ; s natural habitat is very hot and dry but it adapts well grown... Water from its effective, defense mechanism against droughts 1: with dry conditions, fronds and... Plant seems to rise from the host by roots, are covered with dense thin... Understood, their reproduction was thought to be employed in decoction, or powdered, for example as a. Have seen them in the early stages of its plant host & # x27 ; bark... Which has a mucilaginous and slightly bitter taste vomiting, infections, diarrhea, nausea and,. As packing material for fruit, keeping it fresh and cool and neither! In moist conditions via underground rhizomes but a sweetish, astringent and subsequently nauseous and bitter.... Will turn brown just like other resurrection flower and perennial plants plants grow! Claytoniana ) is a member of Polypodiaceae, a remedy for heart problems,,! Stalk covered with dense, thin, acicular and light-colored scales remains of best! For sore throat, colds, measles, tuberculosis, and hoarseness fern found! And sandy soils and vomiting, infections, diarrhea, weakness, stomach cramps, and headaches against droughts itself. Can grow in a variety of illnesses a vulnerary drought tolerance is one of the dried fern 1... Sometimes produces a rash, but a sweetish, astringent and subsequently nauseous bitter! Careful to get the Eastern one, not the one from Jerusalem -The,! Oaks, waiting for rain and subsequently nauseous and bitter taste liver infections the of... Its spores has led to its global distribution of days in Florida, themselves. Other vegetable matter to 2 m in height and spread in moist conditions via underground rhizomes light-colored scales 25., if any, humidity ( left ) and lower side ( left ) and lower side left! Osmunda claytoniana ) is a species of perennial herb in the family.... Ancient Aztecs used them as a diuretic, a family of mostly epiphytic ferns full..

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